
After Pride's Purge, Charles I was executed by the Rump Parliament on January 30, 1649. Then Cromwell invaded Ireland.
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After the Battle of Naseby ended the King's chances for military victory, he became the frustrating center of post-war negotiations.
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After years of muddling along, Parliament created a more professional army. They finally defeated King Charles at Nasbay in June 1645.
In late 1643, Parliament sealed a military alliance with the Scots. Their combined force defeated the Royalists at Marston Moor.
After negotiations with Parliament broke down, King Charles raised his standard in August, 1642. The opening campaigns of the First Civil War tilted in the Royalists favor.